indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
management; (executive) staff; leaders; leadership; top brass; upper echelons
by means of; due to; because of; according to
to be resurrected; to be resuscitated; to be rehabilitated; to be recalled (e.g. memories); to be brought back
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
association; fellowship; change (of season, year, etc.)
The End; Finis; completion; conclusion; full provision
condition; term; requirement; qualification; prerequisite
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
(rock) crystal; high purity quartz
board; plank; sheet (of metal); plate (of glass); cutting board; chopping board
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
middle section of a song (in gagaku or noh)
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
battle; war; fight (against time, poverty, etc.); struggle (for freedom, survival, etc.); contest; competition
to challenge to (a fight, game, etc.); to throw down the gauntlet; to tackle (e.g. a problem); to attempt; to pressure (someone) for sex; to make advances to
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (of China; 9-23 CE)
attack; assault; criticism; censure; cyber attack (e.g. DDoS)
pinch; tough spot; bind; clothespin; clothes peg
to fall into (e.g. a hole); to fall into (chaos, depression, dilemma, illness, etc.); to fall into (a trap, etc.); to fall; to surrender
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
treachery; betrayal; perfidy
to take (by force); to take away; to snatch; to absorb (one's attention); to fascinate; to captivate
again; once more; a second time
light; lamp; counter for electric lights
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to step aside; to move (out of the way); to make way
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
by all rights; properly speaking; legally speaking
complete bed rest; complete rest and quiet
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")