to be silent; to say nothing
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates two contrasting actions; (arch.) indicates possessive (often found in place names and compound words)
plan; project; schedule; scheme; program; programme
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to cease; to desist; to cut it out; to lay off (an activity); to drop (a subject) to abolish; to resign
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to swear; to vow; to take an oath; to pledge
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
accommodation; reception; seating; custody (e.g. awaiting deportation); internment; admission
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
super-; ultra-; extremely; really; over; more than
star (usu. not including the Sun); planet (usu. not including Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); star (actor, player, etc.); small dot; spot; star point (in go)
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
to hold (in one's hand); to take (into one's hand); to own; to obtain
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
wonderful; marvelous; strange; strangely enough; oddly enough; for some reason
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
caution; admonition; prohibition; ban; punishment; (arch.) caution
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
to lose; to miss (a change, opportunity); to lose (a loved one); to be bereaved of; to concede (goals, points, etc.)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
how; in what way; by what means
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise