indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
one's own convenience; one's way; surroundings; environment; convenience; ease of use; financial circumstances
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
to fish; to angle; to catch; to lure in; to tempt; to attract
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
Mary (mother of Jesus); the Virgin Mary; Mary (of Magdala); Mary Magdalene
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
any; anything; whatever; I am told; I hear; I understand
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
please (give me); please (do for me)
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
older brother; elder brother; young man; buddy; fella
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
contract marriage; marriage by contract
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
particle indicating that the speaker is trying to recall some information
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
older brother; elder brother
to trick; to cheat; to deceive; to coax; to wheedle; to soothe and humor (humour)