trouble; burden; nuisance; care; dependence; support
great antiquity; old-fashioned; long ago
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
heart; guts; nerve; central part
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
in the first place; to begin with; after all; anyway; beginning; start
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
something like ...; something called ...
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
nice; likeable; desirable
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
forever; for good; eternally; as long as one likes; indefinitely; no matter what
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to dwell; to live; to stay at; to take shelter at; to be pregnant; to be part of a constellation
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
time; hour; period; class
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to sleep; to die; to rest (in peace); to lie idle (e.g. of resources); to lie unused; (arch.) to close one's eyes