life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
baton (relay, orchestral conducting, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to inherit; to succeed; to take over
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
declaration; proclamation; announcement
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
impressive; striking; memorable; impactful
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
messenger; envoy; emissary
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
lovely; dear; beloved; pitiable; pitiful
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to hold fast; to protect to the end
cat (esp. the domestic cat, Felis catus); shamisen; geisha; wheelbarrow; clay bed-warmer; bottom; submissive partner of a homosexual relationship
cry (esp. animal); roar; chirp; tweet; bark; whine
alright; all right; right on; looking good; OK; okay
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to stick; to paste; to stretch; to spread; to form (e.g. ice on a pond); to fill; to swell
Formosan sweetgum (Liquidambar formosana)
lively; full of spirit; energetic; healthy; well; fit
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
counter for occurrences; a time; an instance; inning (baseball); round; episode; chapter
to vomit; to throw up; to emit; to send forth; to give (an opinion); to make (a comment)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
raindrops; falling drop of water; intravenous drip; IV; drip-feed
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
state; state of affairs; appearance; look; sign; indication