indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
composition; piece of music; tune; melody; enjoyment; fun
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
dear (old); fondly remembered; beloved; missed; nostalgic
hometown; birthplace; native place; (arch.) ruins; (arch.) historic remains
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
love; affection; attachment; craving; agape; Ireland
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to sing; to sing of (love, beauty, etc.) in a poem; to express in the form of a poem; to recite (a poem)
I; me; you; (arch.) manservant
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
cheap; rash; thoughtless; careless
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
continuously; the whole time; much (more); (by) far; far (away); long (ago, before, after)
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
extreme; ultra; mega; damn; stupid; cursed
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
seeming; giving the appearance of; giving one the feeling of
to feel (as if); to have a feeling (that); to have a hunch (that); to feel like doing; to want to do
chest; breast; breasts; bosom; heart; lungs; stomach
to shiver; to shake; to quake; to tremble; to quaver; to quiver
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
to become stiff (of muscles); to get absorbed in; to develop a passion for; to be elaborate; to be intricate
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
(arch.) sitting outdoors; room that served both as a reception room and as a living room in a Heian-period mansion; temporary sitting place installed in the garden at the imperial court, used on the occasion of archery or sumo ceremonies
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
that well-known ...; the one and only ...; that; those; the
woman; female; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
meeting; rendezvous; meeting for the first time; coming across; confluence
slip; omission; upshot; denouement; punch line (of a joke)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
year; age; years; past one's prime; old age
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
to row; to paddle; to pedal (a bicycle, etc.); to swing (on a swing); to work (a hand pump); to push through (a thicket, deep snow, etc.)