cat (esp. the domestic cat, Felis catus); shamisen; geisha; wheelbarrow; clay bed-warmer; bottom; submissive partner of a homosexual relationship
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
cry (esp. animal); roar; chirp; tweet; bark; whine
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to be called; to do
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
third day of the month; three days
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; bottom structural component (i.e. radical) of a kanji; means of transportation
tail (animal, kite, comet, etc.); tail end; slope at the foot of a mountain
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
the person in question; prominent figure; distinguished person; that person
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
myself; yourself; I; me; you
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
story; tale; talk; discussion
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
anyhow; at any rate; anyway; somehow or other; generally speaking; in any case
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
interesting; fascinating; amusing; funny; enjoyable; fun
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
that gentleman; that lady; he; she