Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
cat (esp. the domestic cat, Felis catus); shamisen; geisha; wheelbarrow; clay bed-warmer; bottom; submissive partner of a homosexual relationship
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
protagonist; main character; hero(ine) (of a story); head of household
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
I Am a Cat (1906 novel by Natsume Soseki)
name; given name; first name
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
(arch.) sudden; (arch.) abrupt; (arch.) stupid; (arch.) foolish; attaining enlightenment in one effort (without ascetic practices, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to have a (rough) idea (of what the situation is)
any; anything; whatever; I am told; I hear; I understand
damp; humid; wet; gloomy; melancholy; depressing
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
to cry; to weep; to sob; to howl
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
middle; centre; center; midpoint; heart
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively
protuberance; projection; prominence; bump; boss; process
in that way; thus; so; so?
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
hole; opening; pit; hollow; burrow; den; deficit
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to blow (of the wind); to blow (one's breath); to breathe out; to play (a wind instrument); to blow (a whistle, trumpet, etc.); to emit (smoke, fire, etc.); to spout
thank you; thanks; much (thanks); very (sorry); quite; really; somehow