duty; sense of duty; honor; in-law; relation by marriage
previous time; last time; previous installment; previous instalment; previous session
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
detective; investigator; sleuth; detective work; secret investigation
riddle; puzzle; enigma; enigmatic; mysterious
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to wrap up; to pack; to cover; to envelop; to conceal (a feeling); to hide
true character; true form; true colors (colours); consciousness; one's senses
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to feel around for; to fumble for; to investigate; to probe into; to explore (parts unknown); to enjoy (natural beauty)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
political and business circles; political and business establishment; politics and industry
influence; clout; leverage
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
residence; estate; grounds; premises; mansion
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
exactly; precisely; just; as if; as though; quite
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
third month of the lunar calendar; (arch.) thick growth (of grass, etc.); Yayoi period (ca. 300 BCE-300 CE); Yayoi culture
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
search for a husband for one's daughter
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
previously; before; first; before (something or someone else); beforehand; in advance
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
somehow; for some reason; without knowing why
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
to gather; to collect; to assemble
candidate; contender; prospect; candidacy; candidature; nomination
each and every one of them; every last one of them; all a bunch of
one more; another; the other; not quite; not very good; lacking
fifth month of the lunar calendar; satsuki azalea (Rhododendron indicum)
rather; sooner; preferably
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to disappear (of people or animals); to go (away); to leave; to no longer exist
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
I wonder; do you think?; I might; some kind; some stage; somehow
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be amazed; to be shocked; to be astonished; to be astounded; to be disgusted; to be exasperated