the text; the main clause; the main part of a document
accused; defendant; prisoner at the bar
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
penal servitude; imprisonment with hard labor (hard labour)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to manage; to deal with; to cope with; to sentence; to condemn; to punish
but; however; provided that
right; right-hand side; afore-mentioned (esp. in vertical Japanese writing); foregoing; forgoing
penalty; sentence; punishment
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
execution; carrying out; performance; lead monk performing various tasks in a temple
postponement; deferment; extension (of time)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
innocence; being not guilty
observer; spectator (e.g. in court); (member of the) public; visitor; audience; gallery
court attendant; court clerk; bailiff; usher
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
the future (usually distant); future tense; the world to come
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
please (give me); please (do for me)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to reward; to recompense; to repay; to retaliate; to get revenge
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
bow (weapon); archery; bow (for a violin, etc.)
(arch.) office; (arch.) official; chief; head; (Yaeyama Islands in Okinawa) person (usually a woman) whose duty it is to officiate at religions ceremonies
congratulations!; well done!; best wishes!; all the best!
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
I'm sorry; (it's) inexcusable; I feel regretful; thank you very much (for help, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
two persons; two people; pair; couple
to decide the outcome (e.g. game); to be very different; to be sharply contrasted
judicial decision; judgement; judgment; sentence; decree
to pull the trigger; to squeeze the trigger
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)