indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
innocence; being not guilty
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
newspaper reporter; print journalist
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
wife; your wife; his wife; married lady; madam
judicial decision; judgement; judgment; sentence; decree
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
in that way; thus; so; so?
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
suffix for familiar person