tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
kaki; Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki)
the text; the main clause; the main part of a document
accused; defendant; prisoner at the bar
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
penal servitude; imprisonment with hard labor (hard labour)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to manage; to deal with; to cope with; to sentence; to condemn; to punish
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
with this I (formal); by this I (formal)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
duty; responsibility (incl. supervision of staff); liability; onus
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
mission; errand; task; duty; obligation
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
wife; (arch.) my dear; (arch.) dear; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); embellishment
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
to tie; to bind; to fasten; to restrict (freedom); to tie down (with rules, regulations, etc.); to fetter
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
the future (usually distant); future tense; the world to come
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
something; something or other; so-and-so; somehow; anyhow; one way or another
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
please (give me); please (do for me)
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
not yet known; unknown; strange
slowly; quietly; steadily; soon; momentarily; before long
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's