vice-minister (Meiji period); undersecretary
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
threat; menace; coercion; terrorism
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
one's later years; final years (in life)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to aim at (with a weapon, etc.); to be after (something or someone); to have an eye on; to aim for; to set up as a goal
strangeness; abnormality; disorder
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
email; mail (usu. in compound words); post; message (sent over a chat application); instant message; male
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
had better ...; had better not ...
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
head; chief; merit; strong point; superiority; major
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
book; volume; this; present; main; head
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
meeting face-to-face; seeing in person; facing (each other); opposing (traffic, etc.); confronting
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
being deeply moved emotionally; excitement; passion; inspiration; deep emotion; strong impression
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to shiver; to shake; to quake; to tremble; to quaver; to quiver
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo