indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
until now; so far; up to the present
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
(something) has never occurred; to have never done (something); such a thing has not happened; never happens; there is never a time when
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
offender; criminal; culprit
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
consolation money; solatium; reparation; damages; settlement
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to pay (e.g. money, bill); to brush off; to wipe away; to drive away (e.g. one's competitors); to sell off (something unneeded); to dispose of; to pay (e.g. attention)
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
old person; senior citizen; the aged; the elderly
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
restriction; restraint; binding; constraint
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
promise; agreement; convention; rule; destiny; fate
not less than; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; above-mentioned; aforementioned
to pass (of time); to elapse
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to accomplish; to achieve; to carry out; to do ... completely; to do ... entirely
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
again; once more; a second time
to come alive; to get going; to start to move
gold (Au); golden (color); valuable; of highest value; money; gold coin; Friday
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to reach; to touch; to be delivered; to arrive; to be attentive; to be scrupulous
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
grandfather (may be used after name as honorific); male senior-citizen (may be used after name as honorific)
100,000,000; one hundred million
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
only; merely; but; no more than