once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
town; block; street; road; chō (unit of length, approx. 109.09 m); chō (unit of land area, approx. 0.99 hectares)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
champion of justice; knight in shining armor; crime avenger; hero; super hero
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
bullying (the weak); bully
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
in succession; one by one
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
punishment; judgement; judgment; decapitation
painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing
(several) tens; dozens; scores (of)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
time; years; days; the Moon and the Sun
to stream; to flow (liquid, time, etc.); to be washed away; to be carried; to drift; to float (e.g. clouds); to sweep (e.g. rumour, fire)
kanreki; one's 60th birthday (or 61st in the traditional age reckoning system) when one has lived through a full sexagenary cycle
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
childhood friend; friend from infancy; old playmate
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
night watch; night watchman
party; group; crew; company (of troops); corps; unit
secretly; in secret; unseen; unobserved; inwardly; in private
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
neighborhood; neighbourhood; street; block; town
evil; wickedness; (role of) the villain (in theatre, etc.); the bad guy
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
counter for small animals; counter for rolls of cloth (two han in size); (arch.) counter for horses; roll of cloth
middle-aged man; Buddhist priest
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
yikes; oops; eep; wow; aargh