indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
azalea (Rhododendron spp.)
someone (unspecified, but someone in particular); a certain person
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
the most; the extreme; prime; conspicuous
to imitate; to copy; to mock; to trace; to forge
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
one day; (on) a certain day
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
Catholic priest; abbe; reverend father; minister; padre
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
moreover; furthermore; nevertheless; and yet
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
beginning; outset; first; onset
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
searching for a marriage partner; marriage hunting; activities leading to marriage (e.g. dating, courtship)
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
answering machine; answerphone
here I am; I'm home!; presently; right away; right now
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
beast (i.e. any animal other than man); person reborn into the animal realm; brute (i.e. a contemptible human being); damn it; damn
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up