indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
lush mountain; green mountain; grave; burial place
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
woman; female; feminine gender
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
go that far; to that extent
to mind (negative nuance); to care about; to worry; to pay undue (amount of) attention to (something)
black; black go stone; guilt; guilty person
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to set free; to let go; to release; to miss (e.g. a chance); to lose; to let get away
once; for a short time; briefly; (arch.) one morning
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
key; lock; key (to a problem); clue
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
difference; distinction; discrepancy; mistake; error
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
100,000,000; one hundred million
adds force or indicates command
azalea (Rhododendron spp.)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
important; momentous; essential; principal; major
clue; lead; key; handhold; hold
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to anyone; to everyone; by anyone; by everyone; in everyone; in anyone
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness