candidate; contender; prospect; candidacy; candidature; nomination
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
oak tree; (arch.) imperial palace guard
I'm afraid to say; I'm sorry to say; unfortunately
part-time lecturer; contract teacher
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
at once; immediately; right now
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
rather; sooner; preferably
preparatory school (for entrance examinations); cram school; cramming school
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to lend; to loan; to rent out; to hire out
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
sorry; excuse me; thank you
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
lesson; class work; teaching; instruction