indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing; exceeding
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
lie; fib; mistake; error; unwise move; bad decision
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
truth; reality; seriousness; logical truth; printed style writing; star performer
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
hello; good day; good afternoon
examination; exam; test; trial; experiment; test
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become