now; soon; already; yet; further; more
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
time; hour; period; class
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
sound of footsteps; sense or sign that something is approaching
cormorant fishing; cormorant fisherman
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
telephone call; phone call; telephone (device); phone
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!; there you are!
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
key; lock; key (to a problem); clue
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
all; entire; whole; altogether
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
three (long cylindrical things); three-of-a-kind (in a dealt hand)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
remnant; residue; remaining; left-over
one long cylindrical thing; one film, TV show, etc.; one version; one book; a certain book; ippon; one point
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
student (esp. a university student)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
moreover; furthermore; nevertheless; and yet
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
to find out; to discover; to locate
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
to settle (a problem); to put an end to (a dispute); to be disposed of; to be settled; to come to an end
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
suspicious; dubious; doubtful; unsure; untrustworthy; unreliable; strange
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
mobile telephone; cellular telephone
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
giving and taking; exchange (of letters); arguing back and forth; (conversational) exchange