indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
chime; bell (e.g. doorbell)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
thank you; thanks; much (thanks); very (sorry); quite; really; somehow
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
by all means; at any cost; whether (one is) willing or not; willingly or unwillingly; on no account; by no means
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
excuse me for disturbing (interrupting) you; greeting used when entering someone's home
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
chikuwa; tube-shaped fish paste cake
he; she; this; this one; Hey, you!; You bastard!
to approach; to draw near; to get close; to get acquainted with; to get closer to; to get to know
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
main cause; primary factor
you bastard!; you son of a bitch!
really; truly; indeed; good grief
trouble; bother; annoyance; to be troubled (by); to be bothered (by); to be inconvenienced (by)
cat (esp. the domestic cat, Felis catus); shamisen; geisha; wheelbarrow; clay bed-warmer; bottom; submissive partner of a homosexual relationship
discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
abruptly; suddenly; all of a sudden; without warning
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
I see; that's right; indeed
such; this sort of; like this
feeling; sense; impression
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
pardon; forgiveness; forbearance
please (give me); please (do for me)
irresponsible; perfunctory; lukewarm; half-baked; reasonable; moderate
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
strange; odd; unexpected; change; incident; disturbance
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
pretty; lovely; clean; clear; completely; entirely