indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
elder sister; older female friend
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
offender; criminal; culprit
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
seeming; giving the appearance of; giving one the feeling of
to differ (from); to be different; to be wrong; to be incorrect; to become abnormal; to go wrong
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
waterway; channel; wake (of a ship)
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
from now; from this moment; henceforth
threat; menace; coercion; blackmail
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
please (give me); please (do for me)
otherwise; or else; if not
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
sad; miserable; unhappy; sad; lamentable; deplorable
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
unskilled; clumsy; lousy; poor; awkward; shitty
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
completion; conclusion; perfect (tense)
thank you (for your hard work); I appreciate your efforts
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you; you shouldn't have; it's too much
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
I; me; you; (arch.) manservant
(some) more; even more; longer; further
tightly (holding on); firmly; strongly (built); solidly; properly; well
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
Meguro City (special ward of Tokyo); Bonin white-eye (Apalopteron familiare)
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
conviction; belief; confidence
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
alone; by oneself; on one's own
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)