indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
elder sister; older female friend
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
lover; sweetheart; boyfriend; girlfriend
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
wish; desire; hope; prospect; expectation; (one's) hopes
to grant (request, wish); to answer (prayer); to fulfill (conditions); to meet (requirements)
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
accident; incident; trouble; circumstances; reasons
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to dress (oneself in); to attire oneself in; to adorn; to pretend; to feign; to affect
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
back; rear; background; behind the scenes
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
youth; child (esp. of the young son of someone of high social standing); young; new
wood; woods; forest; bunch (of something); cluster; line
to strike; to hit; to beat; to punch
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
suffix for familiar person
to go out and away; to leave
only; just; since; after; remaining (in a particular state)
serious; not joking; straight