indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to return (something); to restore; to turn over; to turn upside down; to pay back; to retaliate; to respond (with)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
whereabouts; place; location; place where one belongs; where one fits in; place where one can be oneself
to obtain; to get; to procure; to win; to secure
gotcha; alrighty; got it; OK
Kantō (region comprising Tokyo and surrounding prefectures); Kantō (eastern half of Japan; during the feudal era)
mass meeting; convention; tournament; competition; grand event
advance (into a new market, industry, etc.); expansion (into); launch (into); advance (to the next round of a competition)
same; identical; equal; anyway; in any case; if one must ...
composition; piece of music; tune; melody; enjoyment; fun
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to wave; to shake; to sprinkle; to throw (dice); to cast (actor); to allocate (work); to turn down (someone)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
reason; cause; meaning; sense; (good) sense; reason
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt; sentence-ending particle expressing a rhetorical question
serious; not joking; straight; (arch.) cannot; (arch.) should not; (arch.) will not
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
memory-making; making memories
enough; sufficient; sufficiently; fully; division into ten
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
oak tree; (arch.) imperial palace guard
pupil; student; schoolchild
dream; dream; hope; unrealistic aspiration; daydream; delusion
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make fun of; to look down on; to make light of
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
staff; member (club, society, etc.)
to cross (legs or arms); to link (arms); to put together; to construct; to braid; to plait; to grapple
technique; art; skill; move
name; given name; first name
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
superior; excellent; brilliant; outstanding
coach; coaching; training
than; rather than; instead of; from; out of; except
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement