indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
one's father; one's old man; middle-aged (or older) man; old man; one's boss; proprietor (of a restaurant, store, etc.)
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
because of; owing to; due to
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
matter; affair; counter for (received) emails, text messages, voicemail messages, etc.; counter for accounts (on a website, email service, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
whereabouts; place; location; place where one belongs; where one fits in; place where one can be oneself
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
don't you think?; indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
display of fireworks; firework(s) display
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
to sit; to squat; to assume (a position); to hold steady; to hold still
super-; ultra-; extremely; really; over; more than
to open (e.g. doors); to open (e.g. business, etc.); to be empty; to be vacant; to be available; to be open (e.g. neckline, etc.); to have been opened (of one's eyes, mouth, etc.)
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet