to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
Jin dynasty (of China; 265-420 CE); Chin dynasty
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
he; she; this; this one; hey, you!; you bastard!
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to live (on, by, etc.); to lead a life; to make a living; to earn a livelihood; to spend one's time (doing); to pass one's days (doing)
matter; affair; counter for (received) emails, text messages, voicemail messages, etc.; counter for accounts (on a website, email service, etc.)
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
not going (well); not proceeding (as one wishes); bad; not good; hopeless; beyond hope
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
all; entire; whole; altogether
to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
kneeling down on the ground; prostrate oneself
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to divide (into); to split (into); to share; to distribute; to distinguish; to discriminate; to break up (a fight)
please (give me); please (do for me)
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
within the year; before the year is out
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
store; shop; establishment; restaurant
to sell; to betray; to sell out (one's friend, country, etc.); to make (oneself) known; to establish (a reputation) for oneself; to pick (a fight, quarrel, etc.)
Mr; master; Ms; miss; (arch.) sir; (arch.) madam