indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
various; varied; diverse; all sorts of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to study (in depth); to learn; to take lessons in
to feel (as if); to have a feeling (that); to have a hunch (that); to feel like doing; to want to do
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
bout (in sports, etc.); match; effort; initiative; dealing with
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
to desire; to wish; to beg; to request; to have something done for oneself
in this way; thus; such; uh...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Hokkaido (island, prefectural-level administrative unit)
to leave behind; to put off; to postpone
so; like this; in this way
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
the person in question; prominent figure; distinguished person; that person
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
myself; yourself; I; me; you
sacrifice; victim; sacrifice (to a deity)
even if; even though; even; too; whether ... or ...; no matter (what, where, who, etc.)
to mind; to care about; to be an issue; to matter; to keep company; to care for; to interfere with
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
lie; fib; mistake; error; unwise move; bad decision
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
any; anything; whatever; I am told; I hear; I understand
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
special someone; special person; precious one; significant other
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
number one; first; best; most; game; round
to be wounded; to get injured; to get hurt feelings; to get damaged; to get chipped