Yodogawa Nagaharu (1909.4.10-1998.11.11)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
imitating; copying; mimicry; behavior; behaviour; action
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
garden shrubs; trees; potted plant
class; order; et cetera; etc.; equal; iso-
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
hot flash; rush of blood to the head
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
more and more; all the more; at last; finally; (at the) last moment; worst possible time
last time; last inning; last part; final episode (of a television program)
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
sad; miserable; unhappy; sad; lamentable; deplorable
painful; heartrending; trying; oppressive; suffocating; miserable
assistant (esp. in show business or sumo); attendant; chaperon
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
graduation; completion (of a course); moving on (from); outgrowing (something); leaving (a group, company, etc.)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
now; the present time; just now; another; more
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to pull; to draw; to string (lines); to run (cable); to pull towards oneself (e.g. someone's sleeve); to drag; to haul
busy; occupied; hectic; restless; hurried; fidgety
to send (a thing); to dispatch; to take or escort (a person somewhere); to see off (a person); to bid farewell (to the departed); to bury; to spend (time)
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
master; teacher; stable master
new ground (science, art, etc.); new front; new scope; frontier
reclamation (e.g. wasteland); cultivation; development; pioneering; opening up (e.g. new market); breaking new ground
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
to walk; to go on foot; to tread (a figurative path); to follow; to advance towards (e.g. a solution); to set out (e.g. on the path to destruction, ruin, etc.)
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
two persons; two people; pair; couple