indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
sound; noise; (musical) note; fame
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
rescue worker; emergency rescue team member; ambulance attendant; paramedic
to come down; to go down; to hang; to dangle; to move back; to step back; to deteriorate
please (give me); please (do for me)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
to take down; to bring down; to drop off (a passenger); to let off; to withdraw (money); to use for the first time; to wear for the first time
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
reality; actuality; practice (as opposed to theory); truly; really; bhutakoti (limit of reality)
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
misfortune; bad luck; ill luck; ill fortune
contrived; false-sounding
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to enter; to come in; to join (a club, company, etc.); to enter (a university, the army, etc.); to be contained (in); to be included (in); to (be able to) fit (in a container, building, etc.)
reason; cause; meaning; sense; (good) sense; reason
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
being in charge of (esp. a class or subject); taking charge of; class teacher; homeroom teacher; form teacher
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it,...; I mean
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)
pluralizing suffix; nickname-forming suffix
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
he; she; that guy; that; that one; that thing
immediately; at once; soon; before long; easily; readily
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
to serve (in a bowl, on a plate, etc.); to dish out; to pile up; to heap up; to administer (medicine, poison); to dose out; to put into (e.g. information in a report, meaning in a statement)
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
wood; woods; forest; bunch (of something); cluster; line
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)