how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
indicate reason; infers some protest
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
all; entire; whole; altogether
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
beginning; outset; first; onset
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
detailed; full; minute; knowing very well; knowledgeable (about); well-acquainted (with)
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
wherein; therein; thereinto
notebook; memo pad; certificate; identification card
photograph; photo; picture; moving picture; movie
one thin flat object; one sheet
to hold between (e.g. one's fingers, chopsticks); to grip (from both sides); to put between; to sandwich between; to catch (e.g. a finger in a door); to trap; to insert (e.g. a break into proceedings)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
crime; sin; penalty; sentence; fault; responsibility