indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
sound; noise; (musical) note; fame
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to sew; to stitch; to weave one's way (e.g. through a crowd)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
hey; hello; wow; oh; oomph; heave-ho
let me see; well; errr ...; uhh ...
door (esp. Japanese-style); shutter; window shutter; (arch.) entrance (to a home); (arch.) narrows
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
older sister; lass; young lady
thank you (for your hard work); I appreciate your efforts
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
suffix for familiar person
from now; from this moment; henceforth
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
almost; nearly; hardly; barely; large majority; large proportion
to drink; to swallow; to smoke (tobacco); to swallow up; to engulf; to suppress (one's anger, bitter feelings, etc.); to keep down
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (so) what (are you trying to say)?; what (do you mean)?
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
-ness; indicates assertion; come (on); come now; er; um; indicates scrutiny, critique or mistrust
they; those guys; those fellows
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
black-market lending; illegal loan
evening meal; dinner; supper
time; hour; period; class
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
hill; height; knoll; rising ground
sorry; excuse me; thank you
honorific/polite/humble prefix
meal (e.g. lunch, dinner); diet
medium (size); average (grade, level, etc.); in; within; during; while; currently (doing)
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)