indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
sound; noise; (musical) note; fame
cheap; rash; thoughtless; careless
elder brother; big brother; one's senior; one's elder; old ingredients; stale ingredients
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
clothes (esp. Western clothes); clothing; dress; counter for doses of medicine, gulps of tea, puffs of a cigarette, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
remind me; I forget; was it?; was that what happened?
to wear (from the shoulders down); to put on; to take (the blame, responsibility); to bear
now (while the time is ripe); while one still can
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
too; also; still; as before; even so; either way
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
sleepy; drowsy; somnolent
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
pardon; forgiveness; forbearance
please (give me); please (do for me)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
serious; not joking; straight; (arch.) cannot; (arch.) should not; (arch.) will not
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
still; much more; (not) yet; still a long way to go; still a long way off; not there yet
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
I feel that ...; I feel as though ...; I have a feeling that ...; I have the impression that ...; I think that ...
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
separate; scattered; apart
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
disliking; not wanting; unpleasant; disagreeable; no!; quit it!
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?