indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
cheap; rash; thoughtless; careless
elder brother; one's senior; older man; man older than oneself
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
clothes (esp. Western clothes); counter for doses of medicine, gulps of tea, drags of a cigarette, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
particle indicating that the speaker is trying to recall some information
to wear (in modern Japanese, from the shoulders down); to put on; to bear (guilt, etc.)
now (while the time is ripe); while one still can
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
too; also; still; as before; even so; either way
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
sleepy; drowsy; somnolent
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
pardon; forgiveness; forbearance
please (give me); please (do for me)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
serious; not joking; straight
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
still; much more; (not) yet; still a long way to go; still a long way off; not there yet
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
(I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); (I) fancy (that)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
separate; scattered; apart
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
in that way; thus; so; so?