previous time; last time; previous installment; previous instalment; previous session
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
Metropolitan Police Department (esp. Tokyo)
living thing; living creature; animal; life
charge; duty; person in charge; connection; linking
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
pleasure trip; company (office) trip
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
hornet; yellow jacket; wasp (of subfamily Vespinae); Asian giant hornet (Vespa mandarinia); yak-killer hornet
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to attack; to assail; to succeed (someone in a post, role, etc.); to make a sudden visit
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
meeting; rendezvous; encounter; confluence
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
decorative black flagpole tassel made from tail hair (of a yak, horse, ox, etc.) or dyed hemp
administrator; director; commissioner
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to shoot (at); to attack; to defeat; to destroy
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
news; word; tidings; omen
here and there; all around; everywhere; to get things in the wrong order (back to front); to become muddled up
outbreak; spring forth; generation (e.g. of power or heat); genesis; ontogeny; development of complex multicellular structures from cell(s) in a simple state
(suffering) damage; injury; harm
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
doubt; question; uncertainty; skepticism; scepticism; suspicion
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
arrowhead; target of a flying arrow; brunt (of an attack); the very moment (when); the point (of doing)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to pierce; to stab; to sting; to bite; to sew; to stitch; to pole (a boat)
serious condition; critical condition
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
(a) little; somewhat; somehow
unthinkable; unexpected; absolutely not!; far from it!; (it was) no bother at all; not at all
development; evolution; expansion; spreading out; expansion (of an algebraic expression); development (of a three-dimensional shape)
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?