indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
acquisition (esp. corporate); buy-out; takeover; bribery; buying off; corruption
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
physical distribution; distribution of goods; logistics
largest company; industry leader
achievement; performance; results; work; contribution
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
deterioration; getting worse; worsening; aggravation; degeneration; corruption
previous year (fiscal, academic, etc.)
settlement of accounts; closing accounts; financial results; reporting (of accounts)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
about; roughly; generally; on the whole; completely; quite
hundred million; 100,000,000; 10^8
yen (currency of Japan); circle
loss (of assets, profit, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
including (a cost) in a total calculation; appropriating (a sum of money); recording; allocating; booking
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
result; consequence; consequently; as a result; as a result of; following
postal privatisation (privatisation of Japan Post)
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
last; final; closing; last train (bus, flight, etc.; of the day)
(being in) the red; deficit; red letter; red writing; corrections (by a teacher or proofreader) written in red
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
fall; tumble; spill; fall (in position, standing, etc.); downfall; descent
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
vine; bine; bow; temple arm; connections; contacts
store; shop; establishment; restaurant
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
sentence; composition; text; the literary arts (as opposed to the military arts); academia; statement
to enter; to come in; to join (a club, company, etc.); to enter (a university, the army, etc.); to be contained (in); to be included (in); to (be able to) fit (in a container, building, etc.)
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
suffix for familiar person
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
high-ranking noh actor; head of a school of noh performance; high ranking courtesan (esp. in Yoshiwara; Edo period); jōruri narrator; manzai narrator; female role actor in kabuki; lord steward (formerly the fifth court rank)
in this way; like this; this (much); so; uh; er