indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
prophet; predictor; prognosticator
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
-ian (e.g. Italian); -ite (e.g. Tokyoite); -er (e.g. performer, etc.); person working with ...; man; person
by means of; due to; because of; according to
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
field of flowers; flower garden; flower bed; field of alpine flowers
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
to be saved; to be rescued; to escape harm; to be spared damage; to be helped; to be saved trouble
potentiality; likelihood; possibility; availability
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
family; members of a family
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
opposite side; other side; over there; that way; the other party; the other person
to undergo surgery; to have an operation
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
limit; limits; degree; extent; the end; the last; as long as ...
to wake up; to awake; to awaken to (instinct, ability, perception, etc.); to become aware of; to come to one's senses
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
interesting; fascinating; amusing; funny; enjoyable; fun
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
since some time ago; for some time; for quite a while
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...