Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
wood (for building); lumber; timber
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
secret; clandestine; covert; spy (for a daimyo, shogun, etc.); secret agent
class (of students); group (of people); party; lot; bunch; crime family; organized-crime syndicate
to probe; to search; to sound out; to investigate
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
opposite side; bottom; rear; back; lining; inside; in the shadows
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
wholesale store; wholesale dealer; wholesaler
to rise to the surface; to come to the front; to emerge (e.g. from obscurity); to stand out (e.g. against a dark background)
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
work (e.g. of art); production; harvest; cultivation; technique
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
magistrate; shogunate administrator
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
member of shogun's council of elders
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
to be tied together; to be connected to; to lead to; to be related to; to be related (by blood)
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
price; cost; value; worth; value
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to raise; to lift; to hang up; to raise prices (artificially, deliberately)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
sea of fire; sea of flame
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
terrible; dreadful; terrifying; surprising; startling; tremendous
plot; scheme; trick; design; intrigue; artifice
to advance; to move forward; to carry forward (plans, work, etc.); to proceed with; to raise; to elevate
elder sister; effeminate man
suffix for familiar person
thousand years; very long period; forever
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
father (esp. used in samurai families prior to the Meiji period)
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only