indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
person in charge; official; attendant
consolation money; solatium; reparation; damages; settlement
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
child-rearing expenses; child-support payments (following divorce)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
middle; halfway; half (of); one half; half (e.g. done, jokingly); partly
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to snatch away; to dispossess; to steal
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
to come off; to be removed; to disappear (of pain, a fever, etc.); to be caught; to be harvested; to be interpreted (as); to be taken (as)
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
myself; yourself; I; me; you
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
simple; easy; uncomplicated; brief; quick; light
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
to part (usu. of people); to part from; to separate (of a couple); to break up; to lose (e.g. one's mother); to be bereaved
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
well; properly; best regards; please remember me; just like ...; as though one were ...
well then ...; in that situation; in which case
circumstances; condition; to arrange; to manage; to lend money; to raise money
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise