The Five Classics (of Confucianism)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
The Book of Documents; The Book of History; Shujing; Shu Ching
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
fault; error; indiscretion; faux pas
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
reason; cause; circumstances
penalty; sentence; punishment
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
smallness; small item; short month (i.e. having fewer than 31 days); elementary school; smaller (of two things, places, etc. with the same name); inferior; younger (of two people with the same name)
without; unacceptable; not alright; unsatisfactory
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
coincidentally; by chance; unexpectedly; rarely; unusually; seldom
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
pardon; forgiveness; exemption; permission
deliberately; intentionally; on purpose; purposely
to commit (e.g. crime); to perpetrate; to break (e.g. rule); to violate; to rape; to violate
crime; sin; penalty; sentence; fault; responsibility
(a) little; (a) few; slight; only; just; merely
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to miss; to overlook; to let pass (a matter); to overlook (e.g. a wrongdoing); to pass up (e.g. an opportunity); to let (a good ball) go by
construction worker; laborer (labourer); navvy
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
disposal; throwing away; dealing with (a problem); measure; punishment; penalty
to be affected; to be influenced; to be concerned with; to have to do with; to stick to (opinions)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
so; like that; that's right; indeed; let me see...
seppuku; harakiri; ritual suicide by disembowelment; seppuku as a death penalty (where the convict is decapitated by a second as they make the motions to disembowel themself; Edo period)
alone; by oneself; on one's own
to end; to be finished; to die; to perish; to do utterly; to do completely
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
able; capable; competent; talented; efficient