indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to stick through; to force through; to spread throughout; to thoroughly diffuse; to make a path between two points; to proceed in a logical manner; to let pass
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
transactions; dealings; business
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
suspension; stoppage; discontinuance; interruption
eternity; perpetuity; permanence; immortality
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
under (guidance, supervision, rules, the law, etc.); under (a flag, the sun, etc.); beneath; with (e.g. one blow); on (the promise, condition, assumption, etc. that ...); (somebody's) side
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
to cry; to weep; to sob; to howl
to part (usu. of people); to part from; to separate (of a couple); to break up; to lose (e.g. one's mother); to be bereaved
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
squirrel's foot fern (Davallia mariesii); Lepisorus thunbergianus (species of fern); color of clothing layers under one's overcoat (light green on blue); ancient women's hairstyle; clothing patterned using squirrel's foot fern
dad; dada; daddy; pa; papa; pappa
to strike; to hit; to beat; to punch
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
perhaps; possibly; maybe; if; in case; in the event that
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
even if; even though; however; no matter how
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!; there you are!
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to calm down; to compose oneself; to calm down; to settle down; to settle down (in a location, job, etc.); to settle in; to be settled
suffix for familiar person
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
marital quarrel; argument between husband and wife
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
apartment building; apartment block; apartment house; apartment
to roll in; to tumble into; to visit (esp. to stay overnight as an unwanted guest); to fall in one's way; to fall into one's lap
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to lose (something); to mislay; to get rid of; to eliminate; to remove
development; growth; development (of a situation, story, etc.); advancement; playing around; having an active sex life
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk