(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
counter for small animals; counter for rolls of cloth (two han in size); (arch.) counter for horses; roll of cloth
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
middle-aged man; Buddhist priest
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to go out to meet; to receive; to welcome; to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to call for; to summon
having only tiles of one suit and no honor tiles (meld)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
childhood friend; friend from infancy; old playmate
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
neighborhood; neighbourhood; street; block; town
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become overgrown; to grow thick; to spread; to run rampant; to thrive
wicked person; evil person; scoundrel; bad thing; mischief
secretly; in secret; unseen; unobserved; inwardly; in private
in succession; one by one
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
punishment; judgement; judgment
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
on one occasion; once; at one point; at one time
honorific/polite/humble prefix
old person; elderly person; trustee of the Japan Sumo Association; retired high-ranking wrestler who is licensed to coach and receives retirement pay; senior statesman (of the Tokugawa shogunate); important local official (under the Tokugawa Shogunate)
to aim at (with a weapon, etc.); to be after (something or someone); to have an eye on; to aim for; to set up as a goal
unscrupulous business practices; fraudulent business practices; crooked business practices
to fight against; to oppose; to face
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
weak; feeble; delicate; frail; helpless
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
wife; your wife; his wife; married lady; madam
ingenious; skillful; clever; deft
marriage fraud; fake marriage
teacher; master; religious leader; specialist; (arch.) five-battalion brigade comprising 2500 men (Zhou-dynasty Chinese army)
close friend; bosom friend; buddy; crony; chum
crisis; critical situation; emergency; pinch
to rescue from; to help out of; to save