indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
murder; homicide; manslaughter
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
arrest; apprehension; capture
defense; defence; pleading; advocacy
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
being in charge (of an area of responsibility); being responsible (for a work role, etc.)
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
private tutor; coach; governess
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
study; diligence; discount; reduction
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to love one another; to be affectionate towards each other; to have sex; to make love
boy; son; baby boy; young man
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
future (usually near); prospects
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
the past; bygone days; one's past (that one would prefer remained secret); past (tense); preterit; previous life
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
pupil; student; schoolchild
not less than; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; above-mentioned; aforementioned
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)