bird; bird meat (esp. chicken meat); fowl; poultry
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
chirp; twitter; warble; whale tongue
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
dead body; corpse; cadaver; carcass
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
safety; security; safely; without incident; good health; inaction
road; path; way; set of practices; Buddhist teachings; Taoism; modern administrative region of Japan (Hokkaido)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to advance; to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to improve; to deepen
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to grow senile; to be childish with age; to be mentally slow; to be befuddled; to play stupid; to say something stupid (oft. on purpose; esp. as part of a comedic routine)
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to go smoothly; to turn out well; to do the trick; to have peaceful relations
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
guidance; leadership; instruction; shido (disciplinary action for a minor infringement of the rules of judo)
professor; teaching; instruction
paulownia (Paulownia tomentosa); empress tree; foxglove tree
mound; heap; hillock; burial mound; tomb; tumulus
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
one way or another; in many ways; in various ways
to care for someone; to look after someone
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
practical business; practical work experience; practicum; practice
apprenticeship; probation; learning by observation; apprentice; trainee; probationer
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
warehouse; storehouse; cellar; magazine; granary; godown
third son; Occella iburia (species of poacher)
older brother; elder brother
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
where; which; anyway; anyhow; sooner or later; eventually
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work