pleasant smell; aroma; fragrance; pleasant-smelling vegetation
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to tie; to bind; to bear (fruit); to close (e.g. deal); to confirm; to connect (two distant places); to close tightly
first (of all); firstly; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
randoseru; firm-sided leather (or synthetic leather) backpack used by elementary school children
to take down; to bring down; to drop off (a passenger); to let off; to withdraw (money); to use for the first time; to wear for the first time
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
to differ (from); to be different; to be wrong; to be incorrect; to become abnormal; to go wrong
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
print; printing; (printed) copy; handout; flyer
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
lateness; tardiness; arriving late
skip it; drop it; I've had enough (e.g. when offered something); that's enough
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
hey!; say!; I say!; I; me
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to buy; to purchase; to value (highly); to think highly of; to incur (someone's anger, displeasure, etc.); to elicit (e.g. sneers)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be needed; to be necessary; to be required; to be wanted; to need; to want
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to receive; to take; to get someone to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
various; a variety of; variously; in various ways; various things; this and that
honorific/polite/humble prefix