indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be lost (e.g. luggage); to be missing; to be used up; to be run out; to disappear (e.g. pain); to be lost (e.g. a dream, confidence)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
in comparison to; rather than
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
results; record; grades; marks
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to dedicate; to make an offering; to supply; to store; to finish; to bring to a close; to restore (something to its place)
white paper; flyleaf; blank paper; clean slate; lack of prior opinion, positions, etc.; scratch
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to give; to offer; to lift up; to hold up; to raise
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
site; point on a map; spot
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to speak with an accent; to be corrupted (of word); to mispronounce
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
low-lying part of a city (usu. containing shops, factories, etc.); Shitamachi (low-lying area of eastern Tokyo near Tokyo Bay, incl. Asakusa, Shitaya, Kanda, Fukugawa, Honjo, Nihonbashi, Kyobashi and surrounds)
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to raise; to raise up; to wake; to wake up; to cause; to bring about; to start
story; tale; talk; discussion
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
in that way; thus; so; so?
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
the other day; lately; recently; during this period
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!; there you are!
postal delivery; mail delivery; postman; mailman
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
luggage; baggage; burden; payload (of a packet, cell, etc.)