if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
end; tip; end (of the year, month, etc.); close; youngest child; descendants; offspring
to entrust (someone) with; to leave (a matter) with someone; to have someone deliver (a message, parcel, etc.); to send (through someone); to use (something) to express (one's feelings, opinion, etc.); to express in the form of (something)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
red eyes; bloodshot eyes; red-eye; red mullet (Chelon haematocheilus); facial gesture of pulling one's eyelid down and sticking out one's tongue
small; little; slightly less than; just about; somewhat; somehow
rattan; (rattan) cane (e.g. used in wicker furniture)
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to raise; to rear; to train; to teach; to promote the growth of; to nurture
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
time; years; days; the Moon and the Sun
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
smallness; small item; short month (i.e. having fewer than 31 days); elementary school; smaller (of two things, places, etc. with the same name); inferior; younger (of two people with the same name)
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
growth; development; growing up; growth (of a company, the economy, etc.)
reason for living; something one lives for; purpose in life; raison d'être
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
to hold aloft (e.g. a sword); to brandish
to swing downward; to bring down (one's sword, fist, etc.)
listen!; you see; mind you; remember
heave-ho; oops; yes; yeah
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
to work hard; to make an effort
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
sword (esp. a large, double-edged one); blade; bayonet; swordsmanship; stinger; ovipositor
tempering (metal); annealing; forging; toughening; disciplining; training
to miss (doing); to fail (to do)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
katsura (Cercidiphyllum japonicum); Japanese Judas tree
third son; Occella iburia (species of poacher)
as a matter of fact; really; truly; entirely; completely; wholly
just like that; quite so; I agree; (lit.) that street