what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
bonze; monk; monk's dwelling; boy; son; I; me
circle; entirety; whole; money; dough; enclosure inside a castle's walls; soft-shelled turtle
consequence; outcome; result; blame
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
rate; ratio; proportion; percentage
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
a-ha-ha (laughing loudly)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
quiet; silent; slow; unhurried; calm; peaceful
nisei; second-generation Japanese (or Korean, etc.); the second (e.g. Edward II); son
country in civil war; country disarrayed by war; Warring States period (Japan, China); competiton in which there are several evenly-matched participants; hotly-contested game (match, market, etc.)
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
noisy; boisterous; turbulent (era, etc.); troubled
sorry; excuse me; thank you