indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
the text; the main clause; the main part of a document
accused; defendant; prisoner at the bar
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
death penalty; capital punishment
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to manage; to deal with; to cope with; to sentence; to condemn; to punish
to be born; to come into the world
I'm sorry; (it's) inexcusable; thank you very much (for help, etc.)
petition for retrial; appeal for retrial
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
hill; height; knoll; bonus points awarded to the winner at the end of a game
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
the way there; outbound leg; bound for ...; outbound ticket
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
please (give me); please (do for me)
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to become aroused (of emotions, nerves, etc.); to become excited; to become stirred up; to be proud; to be haughty; to be pompous
faint; trance; swoon; stupefaction
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
man; male; masculine gender
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
lover; sweetheart; boyfriend; girlfriend
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
victim; injured party; sufferer
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
horn; alarm; whistle; foghorn
running (of a car, bus, etc.); traveling; travelling; running (of a program)