plain; field; hidden (structural) member; wild; lacking a political post
parent; parents; dealer (in cards, mahjong, etc.); banker; founder; inventor; (pet) owner
above the clouds; the heavens
this occasion; at this time; now
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
searching examination; establishing the facts through thorough examination
in; at; on; as for; regarding; with regards to
work; labor; achievement; performance; salary; income
state ceremony; laborious; troublesome; irksome
still; yet; more; still more; as ...; like ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
two persons; two people; pair; couple
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
chief vassal; senior statesman
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
Ryukyu; chain of southwestern Japanese islands comprising Okinawa Prefecture
than; from; out of; except; but; more
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to face; to go towards; to head towards
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
master; boss; stable master; craftsman; artisan; (arch.) foster parent
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to say; to be called; to do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
pleasant smell; aroma; fragrance; pleasant-smelling vegetation
let me humbly say; most humbly; with all due respect
to say; to tell; to state; to do
diplomacy; selling (e.g. door-to-door); canvassing
in; on; at (place); as for; regarding
China under the Qing dynasty; Qing China; Qing dynasty
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
tributary system (of Imperial China)
maintenance; preservation; improvement
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
extremely important; essential; vital; crucial
now; the present time; just now; another; more