rather; better; instead; if anything
lukewarm; tepid; lenient; (arch.) slow; (arch.) stupid
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to go into; to come into; to penetrate; to become complicated
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
pleasant smell; aroma; fragrance; pleasant-smelling vegetation
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
smuggling; bootlegging; illicit trade
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
corresponding to (in meaning, function, etc.); being equivalent to; appropriate; suitable; to be proportionate to; to be in keeping with
person; character; one's character; one's personality; able person; talented person
linkage; entanglement; involvement; relationship; interaction
opposite side; bottom; rear; back; lining; inside; in the shadows
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
systematic; organized; organizational
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
be supposed or expected to (do); be sure to (do); ought to (do)
neck; head; dismissal; discharge
Japanese league; ri; neighbourhood (under the ritsuryo system; orig. of 50 homes); unit of area (approx. 654m by 654m)
sky; heaven; God; svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth); deva (divine being of Buddhism); top (of a book); sole (of a Japanese sandal)
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
worry; fear; anxiety; concern
bribe; secret fund; slush fund; money for bribery
under (guidance, supervision, rules, the law, etc.); under (a flag, the sun, etc.); beneath; with (e.g. one blow); on (the promise, condition, assumption, etc. that ...); (somebody's) side
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
course; route; path; process; means
whole story; full picture; full particulars
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to wash; to cleanse; to inquire into; to investigate; to purify (one's heart); to lave (e.g. shore)
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
you; you bastard; you son of a bitch; (arch.) you
order; command; decree; (software) instruction; statement
returning sailboat; setting sail for home port
inspection; reading; perusal; browsing (the web)
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do