indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
door (Western-style, car, etc.)
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
poor; needy; lacking (quantity and quality-wise); poor; scanty
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
delicately; weakly; gently; supplely
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively
good thing; strong point; good family; prestigious school; the right moment; utter
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to associate with; to keep company with; to go out with; to go along with; to follow someone's lead; to accompany someone
after (practically) no time; immediately after; just; having no time to
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
boy; juvenile; young boy; youth; lad
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
gap; difference; disparity; discrepancy
author; writer; novelist; artist
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to stare at each other; to lock eyes with
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
direction; orientation; bearing; course (e.g. of action)
to stare at; to gaze at; to look hard at; to watch intently; to fix one's eyes on
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?